June 15, 2026
Introduction:
Read more here: https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1131937(Eurekalert) SAN ANTONIO — June 15, 2026 — Scientists from the Center for Lunar Origin and Evolution (CLOE), Southwest Research Institute’s team in NASA’s Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, have helped uncover new details about the formation of the Moon’s oldest and largest impact crater, providing fresh insight into what future Artemis astronauts could encounter near the lunar south pole. The findings are outlined in two new companion studies.
Researchers studied the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, a massive impact structure on the Moon’s far side. Scientists consider the basin one of the Moon’s oldest surviving features, providing insight into the early solar system. Regions near SPA are also potential landing sites for NASA’s Artemis missions.
“The basin offers scientists a rare opportunity to study the Moon’s earliest history,” said Dr. William Bottke, director of CLOE and executive director of SwRI’s Science Directorate in Boulder, Colorado. He is a co-author of the studies. “The collision struck the lunar surface with such force that it may have excavated material from deep inside the Moon, including portions of the lunar mantle.”
Using advanced models and simulations, the research team recreated the SPA-forming impact and identified new evidence about the direction and composition of the object that struck the Moon. Their work shows that an impactor approaching from the north and traveling south hit at a low angle and produced the elongated, tapered shape of the SPA basin.
“Our simulation produces the right shape and nature of the impact basin. It also tells us about the projectile that created it and the direction of the impact,” said Dr. Shigeru Wakita of Purdue University, lead author of the SPA impact study.
To read the paper titled “A southward differentiated impactor forms the tapered shape of the South Pole-Aitken impact basin on the Moon,” visit the Science Advances website at: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aea1984
