Modern History (1800 – present)

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How California’s Architecture Became the World’s Craziest
By Katharine Schwab
June 4, 2018
Introduction:
(Fast Company) If you were driving down Olympic Boulevard in Los Angeles in 1950, you’d be able to spot the Sanderson Hosiery store from a football field away. Why? The shop’s owner, A.A. Sanderson, built a giant female mannequin leg and set it up directly on top of his storefront.

Sanderson Hosiery wasn’t the only store in Southern California to use giant sculptures of animals and objects as a way to catch drivers’ attention as they were cruising down the street. Some went a step further, making their storefronts themselves into great big flower baskets, pigs, windmills, and milk cans.

“If you were driving down the street in a car, you had to see the business ahead of you in a much smaller time frame, because you’re driving 30 miles per hour,” explains Jim Heimann, an editor at Taschen and author of the book California Crazy. “If you saw a giant ice cream cone, you knew ice cream is up ahead. That kind of architecture worked well with an environment that had a lot of space.”

In 1980, Heimann introduced this unique form of architecture to the world with a book called California Crazy. Now, Heimann is back with his third edition of the tome, published this summer by Taschen. He’s been collecting images and ephemera, like postcards and drawings, of the region’s wild vernacular architecture for many decades.

His research sheds lights on why, exactly, Southern California produces such wacky structures. Car culture is a big part of it–these structures were often designed to grab the attention of motorists from the highway. But Hollywood and its need for large-scale sets played a major role as well. Heimann points to one example from 1915: That year, an amusement park built for San Francisco’s Panama-Pacific exhibition featured giant architectural-scale animals, like horses, ostriches, and elephants made out of a plaster substance and chicken wire. The director and filmmaker D.W. Griffith, who was there to speak at the convention, saw these fantastical buildings and convinced the craftspeople who’d created them to build a set for his latest film, Intolerance.
Read more here: https://www.fastcompany.com/90174419/t ... ore-crazy
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This article (see below) was originally published in January of 2025. Recent events in Venezuela make it especially relevant today.

What the History of American Expansion Can Tell Us About Trump’s Threats
By Tim Murphy
January 15, 2025

Introduction:
(Mother Jones) The president-elect (Donald Trump) —who pushed for an invasion of Mexico during his first term—has spent the month leading up to next week’s inauguration posting about inviting Canada to join the United States, refusing to rule out using military force to coerce Denmark into selling (or giving away) Greenland, and pledging to take back the Panama Canal Zone—which the United States gave back as part of a 1979 treaty. Republicans and their allies have quickly fallen in line. Charlie Kirk and Donald Trump Jr. recently took a day trip to Greenland. Some conservatives have likened the threatened acquisitions to the Alaska and the Louisiana Purchase.

Is this just a tired throwback to the country’s empire-building past, or a recognition of something new? To understand Trump’s recent rhetoric, I spoke with Daniel Immerwahr, a professor of history at Northwestern University, whose 2019 book, How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States told the story of America’s imperial past and present.
The article goes on to discuss relations with Puerto Rico, ambitions regarding Canada, and briefly mentions the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
Read more here: https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2 ... interview/

Not mentioned is perhaps an important (and bad?) precedent set by actions concerning Manuel Noriega:
In 1988, Noriega was indicted by federal grand juries in Miami and Tampa, Florida, on charges of racketeering, drug smuggling, and money laundering. The U.S. launched an invasion of Panama following failed negotiations seeking his resignation, and Noriega's annulment of the 1989 Panamanian general election. Noriega was captured and flown to the U.S., where he was tried on the Miami indictment, convicted on most of the charges, and sentenced to 40 years in prison, ultimately serving 17 years after a reduction in his sentence for good behavior. Noriega was extradited to France in 2010, where he was convicted and sentenced to seven years of imprisonment for money laundering. In 2011 France extradited him to Panama, where he was incarcerated for crimes committed during his rule, for which he had been tried and convicted in absentia in the 1990s. Diagnosed with a brain tumor in March 2017, Noriega suffered complications during surgery, and died two months later.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Noriega
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What Franco’s Fascist Regime in Spain Can Teach us About Today’s America
By Rachelle Wilson Tollemar
January 30, 2026

Extract:
(The Conversation) Franco’s rise and reign

The Falange party started off as a a small extremist party on the margins of Spanish society, a society deeply troubled with political and economic instability. The party primarily preached a radical nationalism, a highly exclusive way to be and act Spanish. Traditional gender roles, monolingualism and Catholicism rallied people by offering absolutist comfort during uncertain times. Quickly, the Falange grew in power and prevalence until, ultimately, it moved mainstream.

By 1936, the party had garnered enough support from the Catholic Church, the military, and wealthy landowners and businessmen that a sizable amount of the population accepted Gen. Francisco Franco’s coup d'etat: a military crusade of sorts that sought to stop the perceived anarchy of liberals living in godless cities. His slogan, “¡Una, Grande, Libre!,” or “one, great, free,” mobilized people who shared the Falange’s anxieties.

Once in power, the Francoist regime commissioned a secret police force, the Political-Social Brigade – known as the BPS – to “clean up house.” The BPS was charged with suppressing or killing any political, social, cultural or linguistic dissidents.

Weakening resistance

Franco not only weaponized the military but also proverbially enlisted the Catholic Church. He colluded with the clergy to convince parishioners, especially women, of their divine duty to multiply, instill nationalist Catholic values in their children, and thus reproduce ideological replicas of both the state and the church. From the pulpit, homemakers were extolled as “ángeles del hogar” and “heroínas de la patria,” or “angels of the home” and “heroines of the homeland.”

Together, Franco and the church constructed consent for social restrictions, including outlawing or criminalizing abortion, contraception, divorce, work by women and other women’s rights, along with even tolerating uxoricide, or the killing of wives, for their perceived sexual transgressions.
Read more here: https://theconversation.com/what-franc ... ca-274248
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The bourgeoisie, instead of discovering the class enemy in its factories, finds it across the coffee table in the person of its own pampered children.
From The Making of a Counter Culture by Theodore Roszak, published in 1969.
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All the Times The US Accidentally Dropped a Nuclear Weapon on Itself
By Sr. Katie Spalding
February 14, 2026

Introduction:
(IFL Science) Nuclear weapons, we are told, keep us safe from enemies. Sometimes, though, things aren’t so clear. On a frankly embarrassing number of occasions, the US has either nearly, or actually, nuked itself – completely by accident. Let’s inspect the damage.
Read more here: https://www.iflscience.com/all-the-tim ... elf-82551
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Don't mourn, organize.

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Never-before-seen photos of Nazi executions in Greece surface on eBay

https://www.france24.com/en/europe/2026 ... -wwii-ebay
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Ayatollah Ali Khamenei Ruled Iran with Defiance and Brutality for 36 years.
By Andrew Thomas
February 28, 2026

Introduction:
(The Conversation) Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran’s supreme leader for 36 years, has been killed in US and Israeli airstrikes on his country, Iranian state media reported.

As one of Iran’s longest-serving leaders, Khamenei was almost as ubiquitous in Iranian society as his predecessor, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who founded the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979.

And despite the fact Khomeini authored the Iranian Revolution, some say Khamenei was actually the most powerful leader modern Iran has had.

In more than three decades as supreme leader, Khamenei amassed unprecedented power over domestic politics and cracked down ever more harshly on internal dissent. In recent years, he prioritised his survival – and that of his regime – above all else. His government brutally put down a popular uprising in December 2025–January 2026 that killed thousands.
Read more here: https://theconversation.com/ayatollah- ... ed-259268
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'Our children paid the ultimate price' – How the Dunblane school shooting changed Britain

8 March 2026, 01:14 GMT

Even after 30 years, the facts of the Dunblane massacre are hard to comprehend.

On the morning of Wednesday 13 March 1996, a gunman entered the gymnasium of the town's primary school and, over the course of less than four minutes, murdered 16 children and their teacher.

Another 12 children and three adults were either shot or injured in the assault. All but two of the children attacked that day were aged just five and six.

The horror of the murders was matched by disbelief. How could this have happened in the UK? How could it happen in such a small, quiet place?

[...]

As the 30th anniversary of that day approaches, a BBC Scotland documentary - Dunblane: How Britain Banned Handguns - looks back at what happened and speaks to those affected by the murders.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cp9m8zmxe25o
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